gæstan in Old English

IPA: /ˈɡæːs.tɑn/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną, related to *gaistaz (“fear, terror”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*gaistijan}} Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*gaistijaną}} Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną, {{cog|got|𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽}} Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan) Head templates: {{ang-verb|gǣstan}} gǣstan Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|gǣstan<w1>}} Forms: gǣstan [canonical], weak [table-tags], gǣstan [infinitive], gǣstenne [infinitive], gǣste [first-person, present, singular], gǣste [first-person, past, singular], gǣstest [present, second-person, singular], gǣst [present, second-person, singular], gǣstest [past, second-person, singular], gǣsteþ [present, singular, third-person], gǣst [present, singular, third-person], gǣste [past, singular, third-person], gǣstaþ [plural, present], gǣston [past, plural], gǣste [present, singular], gǣste [past, singular], gǣsten [plural, present], gǣsten [past, plural], gǣst [imperative, past, present, singular], gǣstaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], gǣstende [imperative, present], gǣsted [imperative, past], ġegǣsted [imperative, past]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "gasten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: gasten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: gasten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gast"
          },
          "expansion": "English: gast",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: gast"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gaistijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gaistijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną, related to *gaistaz (“fear, terror”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gǣstan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsteþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣston",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġegǣsted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gǣstan"
      },
      "expansion": "gǣstan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gǣstan<w1>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to frighten; gast"
      ],
      "id": "en-gæstan-ang-verb-660nMyQy",
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ],
        [
          "gast",
          "gast"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to torment; afflict"
      ],
      "id": "en-gæstan-ang-verb-7vUoVeQT",
      "links": [
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ],
        [
          "afflict",
          "afflict"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡæːs.tɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gæstan"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English class 1 weak verbs",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "gasten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: gasten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: gasten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gast"
          },
          "expansion": "English: gast",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: gast"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gaistijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gaistijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną, related to *gaistaz (“fear, terror”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gǣstan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsteþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣston",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġegǣsted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gǣstan"
      },
      "expansion": "gǣstan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gǣstan<w1>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to frighten; gast"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ],
        [
          "gast",
          "gast"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to torment; afflict"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ],
        [
          "afflict",
          "afflict"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡæːs.tɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gæstan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"gæstan" meaning in Old English

Verb